When we talk about sparkling wine typologies, we distinguish between those produced through Traditional method and those which are the result of Charmat method.
There are also other methods of production, among which we have to remeber the Ancestral and the Transfer ones. Here is a complete guide to the four main methods used to produce sparkling wine, taken from Wine Folly website.
Talking about Europe, the following map traces the most important sparkling wines produced there (taken from Tasteatlas website).
Italy: 1) Traditional Method —> Franciacorta, Trento DOC (yeasty, citrusy, mineral...). 2) Charmat Method —> Prosecco (floral, fruity - apple and pear -, herbal...), Asti Moscato and Moscato dolce (aromatic, fruity, floral, herbal - sage -...), Lambrusco (red fruity, red floral...).